Which of the following systemic medications is considered a nonspecific alpha and beta adrenergic agonist?

• A. Isoproterenol
• B. Albuterol
• C. Pseudoephedrine
• D. Salmeterol

Answer: (C)

Understanding adrenergic agonists involves recognizing which receptors they activate. A nonspecific alpha and beta adrenergic agonist stimulates both alpha receptors (causing vasoconstriction) and beta receptors (causing increased heart rate, bronchodilation, etc.). Pseudoephedrine is a mixed-acting decongestant that increases norepinephrine release and has direct alpha-adrenergic activity, giving effects on both receptor families. That combination makes it the drug that best fits the description of a nonspecific alpha and beta adrenergic agonist. The other options are more selective: one is a beta-agonist with no significant alpha activity, and the others are beta-2–selective agonists, lacking the alpha effects.